The Effects of Variable Practice on Performance of Retention and Transfer of Soccer Push Pass

The main purpose of this research is to survey three different methods of variable practice in a skill learning. The research method was semi-experimental and the statistical population involves 100 subjects from Shahriyar primary schools of Karaj. They were randomly assigned to four 25 subject groups, 3 groups for variable practice programs and one as control. The 3 experimental groups were named A,B, and C group randomly. Diamond and weight of ball and distance from goal were manipulated in order to change practice parameters. Group A performed push pass kick from distances with ball size 4. Group B performed the kick from 15 distances with ball size 4, and group C performed the same as group B, but each of 20 kick with a different ball size, that is, 3, 4, and 5 sizes. Each subject had the opportunity of 60 trials per session, that is, 12 trials from 5 distances for group A. Group B had trials from 15 distances and kicked 4 kick from each distance. Group C performed 15 trials with one ball size, that is , 3, 4, and 4. The test was Mor-Christian Push Pass Test. Retention and transfer tests were given after 2 days. Significance was detected for the main
effect of group, but for retention test only (? = 0.95). No significant differences were found by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the main effect of group for transfer test (?=0.95).