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دکتر اصغر
خالدان
author
text
article
1999
per
Movement is integral to the human being. Movement is the keystone of physical education and sport. Human movement may be affected by a variety of factors, including biomechanical, physiological, and sociological factors.
Understanding of the basic concepts of movement - body awareness, spatial awareness, qualities ofmovenent, and relationships - is essential for physical educators and their students. Physical educators must also be concerned about
individuals' development of fundamental skills (Locomotor, nonlocomotor, and manipulative skills) for they form the foundation for participation in a
variety of activities throughout of life.
Some movement experts have defined physical education as the art and
science of human movement. Movement education, a system based on
theories of Laban, is an important part of physical education. A large number of west phyical educators view human movement as a panacea for of our ills. Many movement advocates would like to change the name of physical education to "Human movement". Movement education has been widely
accepted by physical educators because certain basic concepts emphasize its importance in educational programs. These are: lndividal exploration, student centered, problem solving, less formal than traditional physical education, facilitates the learning of motor skills, seek to produce a feeling of satisfaction in movement, encourages an analysis of movement, involves equipment, must
be
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13110_00b2641feb6d4cdd733cf39d34c02d71.pdf
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محمود
گودرزی
author
text
article
1999
per
The imogination of using energizer medicines & drugs as an aid to improve the physical abilities of athletes, has had a negative affect on the
health of them and so far a major number of unexpected deaths have been reported this them has a long back ground that is known as "doping" among
athletes and specialists.
Normally, "doping" has a variety of classes that are classified by "IOC"
as follows:
1- The group of Anabolic Steroids. 2- The group of Narcotic Analgesics 3- The group of Centeral Nervous System (CNS) stimulants Betablockers ¬Blood. 4- The group of duretics. 5- Recently "Vitamines" and "Minerals".
Among the (CNS) stimulants, Amphetamines are more used by athletes and are known as a useful aid for heart and nervous unefficiencies, but
unfortunately athletes use them to reduce pain and exhaustion.
The most important Amphetamines are Amphetamine, Nizophetamine,
Metyle Phenedite, Phentermine, Metrazine, among which Metyle Phenedite is discussed here.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13111_a4984e96b13e1d32f0bd4aca7709668b.pdf
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دکتر توراندخت امینیان
رضوی
author
text
article
1999
per
Beta- endorphins have Khown as the inner Control of Pain in human. Beta- endorphin effects on functions of body systems and hormons specialy anterior pituitary gland. This hormon have the same effects as Opiate drugs
such as Morphine and may Playa role in analgesia in response to stress and exercise.
Beta - endorphin may can help to addicts. Ather functions have been proposed for the beta - endorphins, including regulation of body temperature,
food intake and water balance.
Both ACTH and bet - endorphin secretions increase in response to stress and exercise. Several reports have indicated that maximal exercise increase bet-endorphin, but submaximal exercise may dicreas this Hormon at recovery
in athletes.
This paper will study some researches about beta - endorphin and
emphasis on effects of exercise on this hormon to decrease stress and depression.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13112_37799db6063b158bb889147758de6807.pdf
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دکتر عباسعلی
گائینی
author
text
article
1999
per
Plasma volume expanasion (Hypervolemia) generally accres with acute endurance activity and endurance training both in human beings and animals.
In more cases, the expansion in plasma volume is associated with lower
hematocrit without red cell mass alteration or an actual reduction in red cell
mass, causing relative to true anemia, respectively. Both exercise and heat acclimatization (which also produce hypervolemia, but in a lower degree than
exercise) Increase hypervolemia induced by exercise training alone. The onset of the pheromone is so rapid that hypervolemia could be observed at minutes
of hours as of the time of the of cessation of the exercise. After a marathon or a longer distant run, the plasma volume expansion needs a couple of days to
reach its maximum level. The magnitude of this natural expansion ranges from 9% to 25%, corresponding to an extra 300 to 700 ml of plasma. The
magnitude of this alteration before training depends on ambient conditions, intensity of exercise, duration of activity, body posture and frequency of the
exercise bouts. The larger the reduction in hypervolemia during exercise, the larger the subsequent hypervolemia. The hydration conditions of the subjects in pre and post exercise could also modify plasma volume alterations (enough fluid ingestion can lead to hypervolemia even during prolong training).
Fluid regulating hormones includig aldosterone, arginin vasopressin
and atrial natriuretic factor, In relation to an elevation in plasma protein content increase hypervolemia. However, the key role and the mechanism of
the increase in protein content remain unclear and hormonal role in the induction of chronic hypervolemia is still a question that has to be answered.
Plasma volume expansion could promote performance by induction of
better muscle perfusion, and by enhancing stroke volume and peak cardiac output. By enhancing skin blood flow, hypervolemia also enhance
thermoregulatory responses to exercise that is the key role and important concept of optimal plasma volume and hematocrit and performance.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13113_4ca445e8ca9a97df69ab36026c849b0c.pdf
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دکتر هاشم کوزه
چیان
author
text
article
1999
per
The purpose of this research is to evaluate of managerial functions of managers of physical education colleges in bachelor degree in I.R. of Iran. For this, questions in the forms of questionnairs were provided for managers of physical education colleges. The method of the study is based on analytical descriptive.
The specialization of the study is that, this study has been doing for the first time in Iran.
General results of the study are as follows:
- More than 85% Managers of the physical education colleges don't have doctorate degree.
- More than 56% of managers don't refer to planning dimension one of the most important function of management elements. Therefore, with consideration to the overall information from extraction of questionnairs and with using of Likert schedule, we can draw conclusion that the performance quality of physical education colleges' managers don't conform with their managerial functions.
In this relation, some recommations are sugested:
It's offered that in selecting the managers of physical education colleges, we should consider to obtaining the Knowledge conditions at the managers. - It's proposed that if the field of managers studies is not management, they should do a managerial period, for promoting their quality level.
It's offered that managers performance must be evaluated permanently.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13114_087e7affae37c05f9313f19d84cb3593.pdf
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محمد رضا
بیات
author
text
article
1999
per
There are a lot of research for importance and effect of nervous system functional on capacity of skeletal muscles that results are useful for rehabilitation of muscle disabilities, increasemass of muscle fibers and myofibrils, increase of muscle speed and resistance, improve of contractile power and motor units synchronization.
To bying in to nerve and nervous impulses in muscle fibers, thier function will be improved, but denervation is to cause of some biochemical changes in muscle fibers.
After denervation muscle atrophy will be appear. Strength training affect to the muscle mass and increase the power of muscles that related to the hormonal and chemical effects and improved in nervous system ability.
Resent approach shows that muscle hypertrophy not only related to the strength training but to the neural effect and to the motor unit action, and there are a direct relationship between these two factors, when the strength is in the highest level the action of motor units and nervous system is in high, and with decrease in strength the motor unit action will be in lowest level.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13115_dddd3c013d70b9a81d1f9dce2a7f7cc0.pdf
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دکتر محمدعلی اصلان
خانی
author
text
article
1999
per
Despite a considerable body of knowledge existing in the field of human behavioral development the exact role of movement and physical activities in this complex process is still some how unclear. This article is an attempt to explain the valuable contribution of the movement and physical activity on the human total development by focusing on cognition.
In order to explain this interesting phenomenon the author has attempted to review some papular and important theories offered by piaget, Kephart, Delacato, and Hebb. A brief review of these theories indicates that movement experiences could provide an important basis for cognitive development. Furder more, it is argued that there is a bilaterel relationship between movement and cognitive development.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13116_bbed0302f1b2f634a667ed06d7a976cc.pdf
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فرهاد رحمانی
نیا
author
text
article
1999
per
By reviewing the goals and ideas of the founder of olympic Movement, we find the love of mankind without discrimination and respect for men without looking at their skin colour, race, political impacts and economical and social backgrounds. The truthful efforts that the followers of such a point of view rendered indicates that they tried to develop the olympic movement and its friendship objectives throughout the world by selecting various strategies.
The establishment of International Olympic Academy and involvement with variety of programs would be assistance to spread Olympism and that of course have made different countries to be acquainted with the benevolent objectives of that movement occasionally introducing new policies for more development.
To answer this question that how much Iranian students are aware of
olympic Movement and the phenomena related to it 86 students including 37 females and 49 males were selected in the field of Physical Education and also 92 male students from other fields were selected in a non - random basis. These students were asked questions about: familiarity with olympic Movement, its relevant history, and different related issues such as politics, professional sports and doping.
The results of this survey reveals that Iranian students especially Non ¬Physical Education majors are very little familiar with olympic movement and also with the phenomena related to it.
Harakat
دانشکده تربيت بدني دانشگاه تهران
1563-3306
1
v.
1
no.
1999
https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_13117_8195074ffe403b0c0c41c6cd995d47b7.pdf